Dementia Patients Denied Rights - 1622 Words

Dementia Patients’ Denied Rights: Voluntarily Stopping Eating And Drinking Adrienne Heasty County College of Morris The healthcare system places emphasis on involving patients in their plan care throughout the disease or healing process. Nurses and other members of the healthcare team are responsible to ensure that the competent patient has the right to refuse any medical treatment. Patients can have an active voice in their treatment throughout their disease process by clearly stating their treatment requests in an advanced directive. Patients who file advanced directives are warranting their current wishes are met in the event that they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves. However, an advanced directive (AD)†¦show more content†¦Although Sheri carefully articulated her wishes for end of life care, she ended up in a circumstance all too common for people with dementia. There is a limbo for dementia patients; where their decision making for end of life care â€Å"typically lies between the last opportunity to act decisively and the time when dementia’s severity is deemed to make death preferable.† (Menzel and Chandler-Cramer 2014, p.25) The nursing home staff argues that Sheri’s â€Å"then-self† may have had different wishes than her â€Å"now-self† and there is no clear way for Sheri to currently communicate her current demands. Therefore, the death Sheri requested was denied and she will live out the full course of her dementia in a nursing home. Sheri is not alone in her fight to hasten death. There are many stories similar to hers. One in particular is the case of another person with dementia named Judge Robert Hammerman. (Pope 2011) Hammerman defined a life of living with dementia as breathing, not really living. (Pope 2011, p. 374) He described his battle with dementia and highlighted the limitations he faced daily. Losing his memory, having a harder time completing simple tasks, and the possibly of needing to be institutionalized all contributed to his decision of taking his own life, without medical assist ance. He did not have the same end of life options as other illnesses, such as cancer, and committed suicide. Perhaps if Hammerman was able to ensureShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Artificial Nutrition On Health Professionals981 Words   |  4 PagesImagine being admitted to the hospital and being denied your right to have food and water. While it is known that adequate fluid and nutrition is needed for survival, many health professionals are currently going through an ethical dilemma of whether or not to provide artificial tube feeding for patients with terminal diseases. This ethical decision that affects health professionals must take into consideration the recent research that opposes ANH for this population. These studies have demonstratedRead MoreCase 5 History and Physical Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesHISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Patient Name: Fanny Copeland Patient ID: 115463 DOB: 10/26/- - - - Age: 58 Sex: Female Room No.: Hillcrest Memory Diagnostic Center Date of Admission/Date of Arrival: 04/26/- - - - Referring Physician: Lyndon F. Talcott, MD, Neurology Admitting Diagnosis: Memory loss. BACKGROUND: Ms. Copeland is a 58-year-old left handed white female who was referred to the Hillcrest memory Diagnostic Center by the emergency room physician for evaluationRead MoreHow Alzheimer Is Like Mental Cancer Essay1227 Words   |  5 Pagesanother question that is not speculation: When did we notice? When did it really start effecting his life? When did we get the first glimmers that something was wrong, even terribly wrong? The realization was progressive The signs were at first excused, denied, or minimized. Grandpa was getting old. Old people were forgetful. They made mistakes. I remember one incident that occurred years before anyone realized Grandpa had Alzheimer’s. It surely wasn’t the first sign, but it was one that lodged in my memoryRead MoreEuthanasia Persuasive Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome disillusioned and hasty looking for a way out. Euthanasia offers a way out but, this pessimistic end could have been avoided by the constant advancement of medical science. It is a selfish, hopeless means of death that strips hope from other patients, fearing that euthanasia and death are their only options. Some may say that it preserves dignity but it is actually quite a selfish option that wounds families. On the film The Suicide Tourist, he pushes away his children away on his final momentsRead MoreEssay Euthanasia1563 Words   |  7 Pagesrecent years regarding euthanasia. It is a topic of great significance and sensitivity, because in the simplest terms, it is a debate about someone’s right to take his/her own life. Ultimately the legalization of euthanasia is a matter of human rights, and therefore the outcome of its debate has great implications on how humans define those inalienable rights. The arguments against euthanasia are numerous, and many of them are valid, good, humanitarian points. After all, euthanasia has been used to justifyRead MoreEssay on WHAT IS THE RIGHT-TO-DIE MOVEMENT?1300 Words   |  6 Pagesend-of-life or right-to-die and thus bringing complexity to an otherwise easy decision. But the most crucial question to ask is: are those in support of the right-to-die justified in their movement? This will be the question that will be addressed in this argumentative essay. Why oppose the right-to-die movement For those in opposition of the right-to-die movement (Ullmann-Margalit 73), there are a number of issues that they raise. It is often argued that most of those involved in right-to-die decisionsRead MorePotent Pharmaceuticals Of Terminal Dementia2409 Words   |  10 Pages Potent Pharmaceuticals in Terminal Dementia: The Benefits of Potent Opiates, Benzodiazepines, and Anti-psychotics in End-Stage Dementia Claire Bassett Excelsior College Abstract Potent pharmaceuticals like Haldol (haloperidol), Roxanol (morphine sulfate oral suspension), and Ativan (lorazepam) have clear benefits in Advanced Dementia (AD) patients. Though often contraindicated in elderly and demented patients, these and similar medications are frequently used in hospice and palliativeRead MoreThe Article What Broke My Father s Heart 1123 Words   |  5 Pagesdevice, but he denied her request. Eight years after his initial stroke, Jeffery passed due to pneumonia. But even after his passing, Jeffery’s pacemaker continued to work flawlessly. The issue is whether to respect the family’s autonomy and remove the pacemaker that is prolonging Jeffery’s life and create more suffering, or if this is beneficent. Today, pacemakers are a common treatment for cardiac rhythm problems and can be life sustaining. According to Zellner et al. (2009), â€Å"As patients age and sufferRead MoreTaking a Look at the Tuskegee Project1538 Words   |  6 Pagestest subjects. Testing was conducted by government doctors. The doctors advertised how these males would have the chance to be special government patients. The goal was to learn more about how syphilis attacks the body and how it evolves in black men over time and through multiple stages. The doctors performed physicals and blood tests on all patients. Doctors told the black men that they had â€Å"bad blood,† and promised to give these men free medicine and health care. The black men did not understandRead More Alzheimers Disease and Research: Ethical Concer ns Essay1904 Words   |  8 PagesCan patients with Alzheimer’s disease participate in clinical research? Theoretically, two radically opposite views regarding this issue can be posited. The first one, which is rather â€Å"conservative† could, in principle, argue that because of pervasive cognitive impairments AD patients are vulnerable and not capable of giving informed consent with a similar degree of responsibility as that of healthy individuals. When a surrogate’s decision is required for participation in research, this decision

Aristole - 962 Words

Ethics in Aristotle’s Philosophy Ruth Geter AC 504 Ethical Issues in Business and Accounting Unit 2 Assignment July 19, 2016 Aristotle Philosophy Introduction I have chosen Aristotle as my philosopher. â€Å"He was the first to argue that equals should be treated equally, and unequal’s should be treated unequally in proportion to their relevant differences† (Brooks and Dunn, 2014). In today’s society people sometimes lose sight of being ethical and often know what is right but chooses to not do the right thing. Most of the time it is out of greed or selfish reasons. His ethical theory is about being happy. â€Å"Of all the classical theories considered here, his is the farthest from an ethics of self-interest† (P.I.E,2006). Included in†¦show more content†¦I believe that Aristotle just wanted to see everyone happy in life and that’s why his theory and ethics were so important in treating everyone fairly and then everyone could be happy. Asking the tough questions help him and other’s he was asking the questions to question their ability to know the difference between right and wrong and if he or she was being ethical and doing what was best. I always believe we as society need to look at the bigger picture before making a decision and ask is this decision for the better good. Summary In summary, it is great to have an influential person such as Aristotle to read about his theories and ethical practices. Learning to ask questions to get the best result is very important. Even though our cultural backgrounds, or ethical or religious beliefs may be different, looking beyond that and sacrificing for the better good is always best in any decision. References Bio. (2016). Aristotle Biography philosopher (c.384 BCE- c.322 BCE) www.biography.com Brooks, L., Dunn, P. (2014). Business and Professional Ethics for Directors, Executives Accountants. Cengage learning. Free dictionary (2015). Philosophy. www.freedictionary.com P.I.E. (2006). Philosophy 302: Ethics Aristotle’s Ethics. Philosophy.lander.edu Toole, J. (2004).Show MoreRelatedThe Life of John F. Kennedy800 Words   |  4 PagesEdwin Schlossberg and had 3 children John, Rose , and Tatiana. John is currently 21 and attending Yale University. Rose is deceased along with her sister Tatiana.After the death of John F Kennedy , Jackie soon married Aristole Onassis in 1968 and was once again a widow when Aristole died of old age he was 69. Jackie died short after in May 19, 1994 of a form of cancer called Lymphatic system she was 64 when she died. â€Å" John Kennedy was the youngest president in office he was elected president onRead MoreContributions of Famous Scientists to Chemistry Essay example856 Words   |  4 Pagesgeneral chronological categories. These four categories are prehistoric, beginning of the christian era, end of 17th century(alchemy) traditional chemistry and modern chemistry. Some of the very first recorded chemist where men like democritus and aristole. These men where alive in the B.C era and have a lot of influence on how we do modern chemistry today. Starting with Democritus the man who claimed that the atom is the simplest unit of matter. Democritus of ancient greece asked the question couldRead MoreVirtue Ethics And Teleology1256 Words   |  6 Pagesits relevance to the culture of the given subject. Virtue is the philosophy developed by Aristole and other Ancient Greeks. It’s the quest to understand and live a life or moral character. This character based approach to morality assumes that we acquire virtue through practice. By practicing being honest, brave, just, generous, and etc. A person develops a honorable and moral character. According to Aristole by honoring virtuous habits, people will likely make the right choice when faced with ethicalRead MoreDiscuss The Importance Of Oracles To Oedipus Rex1620 Words   |  7 Pagesto definition by Aristole, there are only five things that can describe a tragedy. Tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and possessing. Each being used in the different parts in the mode of action and affecting through pitty and fear. Oedipus begins his journey as a very successful king. However, as the play continued he realizes that he has married his mother and has daughters with her who also happen to be his sisters. With this being said, Aristole believed that aRead MoreSimilarities Of Plato And Aristotle1617 Words   |  7 Pagesbe a negative and possessive feeling that doesn’t bring any positive the audience infers this when Plato said â€Å"Love is a serious mental disease,† Plato interprets it as a mental disease because most of the time love brings negative things with it. Aristole also mentioned several times love and it’s effect he said, â€Å"love is composed of one soul inhabiting in two bodies† this shows how Aristotle had a whole different opinion on love then Plato did Aristotle believed that love was actually a positiveRead MoreEssay about Justice901 Words   |  4 Pagesmakes equality. When we wish for quot;personal equalityquot; with people, we wish to deny what we really are and allow for superficialness. We become so obsessed with our possessions that we forget who we are and the beauty of our differences. Aristole said that quot;it is unjust to treat unequal things equallyquot;. All people are different, that is exactly what makes us human, so when we treat people entirely the same, we deny their identity. For example that does not mean that I should notRead MoreDemocracy in 17th and 18th Century Europe843 Words   |  4 Pages~Democracy  in  17th  Ã‚  18th  Century  Europe~      Olivia ­Opening  statement:  Ã‚     Democracy  is  essentially  a  type  of  government  that  splits  ruling  power  among  multiple   people.  This  prohibits  the  idea  of  absolute  rule  to  occur.  Throughout  history,  many  people   such  as  John  Locke,  Aristole,  and  Montesquieu  have  influenced  the  growth  of  a  government   that  doesnt  allow  absolute  control.  In  several  instances  throughout  time,  it  can  be  seen  that   absolutism  was  in  fact  not  the  best  option  because  it  resulted  in  an  inevitable  failure  in  a  Read MorePlato s Life And Accomplishments874 Words   |  4 PagesPlato, a Greek philosopher, was born in Athens, in 428 B.C. under the name Aristoles. In his youth, he was a wrestler, that’s how he got the name ‘Plato’, that was his ring name. Plato means broad or flat, his shoulder were broad and his forehead was flat. He won a few trophies for wrestling but never made it to the Olympics at Olympia. He later change more toward the arts, and he wrote plays, and poetry, but in never won in any of his writing competitions. â€Å"Having failed to win an Olympic goldRead MoreThe Path Of Happiness. . â€Å"Folks Are Usually About As Happy1359 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause their â€Å"happiness, is to lead a life that enables us to use and develop our reason, and that is in accordance with reason. Unlike amusement or plea sure, which can also be enjoyed by animals, happiness is not a state but an activity†, exclaimed Aristole. Happiness comes from doing things more outside than an inner feeling. As a person grows older, happiness starts to appear as a form of relief more than an idea of purpose. In the article, How Should Psychology Define Happiness?† by Doctor SusanRead MoreA Good Sheep Are Law Obeying Citizens Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesAlexandar became the most greatest military minds in history. In 335 B.C Aristotle returned to Athens and created the school Lyceum. The school was attached to the temple of Apollo Lyceus. Aristotle died in 322 BC a year after Alexandar the Great. Aristole was brought up on chargers for impierty, which lead him to flee to Chalais. He died at the age of sixty-two from a stomach ailment. Aristotle considers and rejects the likely candidates of riches, honor and health, but resolves that happiness is

Human Genetic Engineering And Eugenics - 1582 Words

Human genetic engineering and eugenics have been a largely controversial topic over the past decades. Eugenics can be popularly defined as the science of improving and enhancing a human population or person through manipulating the human genes, selective breeding, and sterilization. The end goal and desired result of eugenics is to basically create a human race or people with more desirable biological, physical, or psychological traits. Eugenics and genetic modification is a current, pressing subject; in April 2015, a group of Chinese researchers, used a new gene-editing technology, called CRISPR to â€Å"[tinker] with the genomes of human embryos† (Adams). Presently, according to CQ Researcher, â€Å"New genetic technologies allow scientists to delete a mutant gene and insert a healthy one, which†¦has the potential to eliminate inherited diseases, such as cystic fibrosis.† However, these techniques have only been used on embryos belonging to laboratory animals. Th e big question here is whether or not science and technology are crossing an ethical boundary by using these techniques and performing genetic modification on human embryos. Do humans have the right to â€Å"play God† and alter nature? Following the background and history of genetic engineering and eugenics, it can definitely be seen why ethicists and scientists are concerned. The concept and idea of passing on heritable traits was introduced by English naturalist Charles Darwin in his work The Origins of Species in 1859. Soon toShow MoreRelatedSale - Pro Plans Are 20% Off Today View Plans. Gradeproof1164 Words   |  5 PagesSentence Count: 28 Readability: 11.52 % Grade Level: 16.59 years Reading Time: 2 minutes Speaking Time: 4 minutes Type your title here... Genetic Engineering is a common theme of Gattaca, Splice, and Blade Runner. Gattaca takes place in a future where the best opportunities are given people that have the best genes, as a result from Genetic Engineering (cite). The main character Vincent has not been genetically engineered and has many health issues like Myopia (cite). He aspires to become anRead More The High Cost of Genetic Engineering Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesCost of Genetic Engineering    Genetic research on human embryos, in correlation with the human genome, is the key to gene therapy, genetic diagnosis, and even to genetically engineered human beings.   Knowing which gene controls what trait and causes what genetic disease will arm doctors with a powerful tool to treat their patients at the molecular level.   On the other hand, this allows people to possibly manipulate genes to enhance specific traits or create the perfect baby.   Genetic researchRead MoreEugenics -Not the Way of the Future Essay721 Words   |  3 PagesEugenics in the world today has become an issue because of its many positive uses furthermore its possible consequences. It is believed by many that eugenics does more harm than good, on the other hand there are exceptions; it is not the way of the future. There is no doubt that it could be extremely useful for preventing diseases such as cancer and others before we are even born. But, with this also comes the ability to give children genes before their born that will give them talent to run fasterRead MoreGenetic Engineering in Humans Essay873 Words   |  4 Pagespre-birth enhancement. Iniquitous practices such as genetic engineering could lead to a degraded feeling in a child and conceivably end in a dystopian society, almost like the society Adolf Hitler had in mind. In the minds of some scientists genetic engineering for pre-birth enhancement is a potential for disaster. Disputes surrounding the definition of humanity, a threat to freedom of action, and eugenics question the moral ethics of genetic engineering, yet there is still belief that pre-birth enhancementRead MoreArguments Against Genetic Engineering673 Words   |  3 PagesGenetic Engineering I would consider one of the strongest arguments against genetic engineering was the statement given by the European Parliament in Cass R. Sunstein’s argument, The Constitution and the Clone. The following is an excerpt from the text book given by the European Parliament â€Å"The cloning of human beings†¦ cannot under any circumstance be justified or tolerated by any society, because it is serious violation of fundamental human rights and is contrary to the principleRead MoreThe Eugenics Movement By Sir Francis Galton1680 Words   |  7 Pageshad existed in the form of the eugenics movement since Sir Francis Galton published his book Hereditary Genius in 1869. Galton’s research suggested that intelligence is hereditary, and he believed that success is due to superior qualities that were passed down generation through generation. His research further suggested that personality traits and mental abilities were also hereditary (Plucker, 2013). Eugenic s, a term coined by Galton in 1883, advocated for human breeding restrictions so as toRead MoreEugenics Advantages And Disadvantages1452 Words   |  6 PagesEugenics is a movement aimed at improving the genetic composition of the human race. The word means well-born or good, well and the term was first coined by Francis Galton in 1883. Eugenics when done through selective breeding is typically broken down into two branches. Positive Eugenics is one branch aimed at improving the human race by encouraging the reproduction of people or populations with desirable traits. Negative Eugenics is the second branch focused on discouraging the reproductionRead MoreEugenics Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesEugenics, the word that got its bad reputation years ago through an event that changed history: the Holocaust. First dubbed by Francis Galton in the 1880’s, the word Eugenics stemmed from the words â€Å"good† and â€Å"generation.† (Eugenics-Meanings) Eugenics mea ns the study of or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species or a human population. This improvement is done through discouraging reproduction by persons having genetic defects or presumed to have inheritable undesirableRead MoreThe Controversy Of Eugenics And Genetic Engineering1632 Words   |  7 Pagesscience of genetics. In that time, there have been some subjects that have been highly controversial: eugenics and genetic engineering. The history of these topics is colored with ethical and moral quandaries that have been topics for fierce debates since the early 1900s, and they continue to this day. Eugenics was defined by Francis Galton as â€Å"the science which deals with all influences that improve the inborn qualities of a race† (Galton 1). To put it in different terms, eugenics is about controllingRead MoreThe Importance of the Wise Use of Genetic Engineering1025 Words   |  4 PagesHuman species has been suffering at the hands of disease since their genesis. Our relation with each other is such that if one suffers in pain, his suffering and pain touches rest of the humanity. It is now in our domain to use this new technology called Genetic Engineering to ameliorate human suffering and pain. We should make sure that this technology is only used for the betterment of human species and not selectively. It is indeed horrifying to know that someone wants to use this as a tool

Understanding A Child Needs And Child Development - 851 Words

Understanding a child needs and the way to interact with them a key knowledge to create different ways for the child to development at their appropriate age level. In the beginning of the semester, I only have some knowledge of child development. I didn’t know the method of teaching a child are even to speak to them. After this class and participating in programs relating to children s development, such as Jumpstart, i slowly understand the importance of ways to express and take to the children. The environment that a child grows in affects a child in a certain degree that would either be negative or positive. For example, if a child is growing in a place that lack of space and material to manipulate, then the child will have lack of that skill he or she is supposed to acquire at a certain age and that will maintain for a lifetime. On the other hand, if the child have the spacious environment to implement play meaning that child would have enough material to develop the devel opmental skills that is appropriate for his or her age. In a classroom, it is best that there is enough materials for each individual that are able to use to reach the developmental skills. I think the most important thing that a classroom should have is natural lighting, which meaning that there should be windows. â€Å"In early childhood centers located in spaces not originally designed for children†¦.create a safe, healthy, and engaging environment†( Smith, 2013 p.9). I know that there are preschool thatShow MoreRelatedWhy Is It Important to Learn Child Development.?1048 Words   |  5 Pageswhy is it The Importance of why early years students should study child development.y. To provide effective learning and growing experiences for children and babies it is vital to have the understanding and knowledge of how children develop through-out their childhood years. `Early childhood studies 2007 Mary Wild p34` quotes that â€Å" without some theoretical understanding the danger is that, at best, we do things in particular ways out of professional habit and thereby run the risk of not providingRead MoreAttachment Theory on Socio-Emtionals Development of Children1435 Words   |  6 Pagesits introduction, the concept has developed to become one of the most significant theoretical schemes for understanding the socio-emotional development of children at an early stage. In addition, the theory is also developing into one of the most prominent models that guide parent-child relationships. Some of the key areas in these relationships that are guided by attachment theory include child welfare, parenting programs, daycare, head start programs, schools, and hospita ls. Furthermore, attachmentRead MoreLegal Status of Early Year Framework for Child Development1038 Words   |  4 Pagesframework for child development with respect to their needs and some of them has made it mandatory in their countries. For example, early year framework is part of the council of Australian Governments reform agenda and is a major part of the Australian Governments National Quality Framework for early childhood education and care. Similarly, some parts of America have its own early year framework for the child development, as Victoria has its own early year framework for child development. World healthRead MoreEymp 2 - Promoting Learning and Development in the Early Years995 Words   |  4 PagesEYMP 2 - Promoting learning and development in the early years For a child to develop and learn there are seven areas of learning and development located in the EYFS which are divided into two groups, prime and specific areas of learning. Personal and emotional development, physical development and communication and language. The prime areas are important as they lay the foundations for a child’s success in the specific areas of learning. He specific areas are learning are LiteracyRead MoreEssay Sociocultural Theory: Lev Vygotsky1112 Words   |  5 PagesLev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist, born November 17, 1896, who had a wide range of interests that included the cognitive and language development of children. Vygotsky’s theories are somewhat incomplete due to his death at the young age of 38 from tuberculosis. Vygotsky faced many struggles in life that he was able to overcome, such as being a young Jewish boy who grew up in a time where the Russian District limited the number of Jews who were allowed to be educat ed at a University levelRead MoreHow Stressful Life Experiences Affect A Child s Emotional Development Essay1655 Words   |  7 Pagesemotional development, what role the schools play in a child’s emotional development and how there is a need for the Department of Education to commission a sector body to develop a framework of core content for initial teacher training (ITT), which should include child and adolescent development. A child’s emotional development is a complex, multifaceted process and one which many interaction partners play a role. To teach effectively, trainee teachers need to understand child development expectationsRead MoreDevelopment Delays in Learning1519 Words   |  7 PagesChapters 4, 5, 6, and 7 and the required readings for week 5, I will write a summarization of the impact that developmental delays and the environment have on the learning needs of children. My 6-8 page paper will include three examples demonstrating the impact of developmental delays and the environment on the learning needs of children discussed in the week 2 written assignments. I will also discuss why is it important for educators to understand typical behaviors when planning curriculum and IRead MoreThe Principles, Sequences And Stages Of A Child s Growth And Development1284 Words   |  6 Pagesstages of a child s growth and development. This includes Social development, Physical Development, Intelle ctual development and communication development. Physical development outlines the basic body changes which you begin to develop such as fine motor skills, which is like writing and so on. This also includes social development, where you will meet new people everyday and interact with them, and become more involved in the relationships you will share with others. Emotional development where youRead MorePlanning in Early Childhood1400 Words   |  6 Pageseach child, and their characteristics. Along with assessment and evaluation, educators are able to understand each child’s development, and make decisions about appropriate activities and experience to offer each child, to help foster their individual development. (Veale, A. and Piscitelli, B. 1988) This essay will discuss the Value of the Observation Process in Planning for early childhood settings, and the role of each teacher in facilitating children’s individual learning and development. Observation

Drowned Out Free Essays

Ivana Aleksich November 1, 2012 Film Review: â€Å"Drowned Out† The way this documentary was filmed shows the people who contributed to the film to living and working alongside the villagers and I found this helped capture the candid interviews and the honest and realistic impact of the way villagers of living in India due to the government dam project. Not only do people have to make a choice of whether they Move to the slums in the city, accept a place at a resettlement site or stay at home and drown. This place is not just a piece of land where they live but it is their home, their identity. We will write a custom essay sample on Drowned Out or any similar topic only for you Order Now This reminds me personally of my connection with Serbia. My family has to leave their homeland because of war and invasion. My family did not see this as moving to a better place, but saw it as their homeland being destroyed. Who they are as people dead in a place that no longer exists like it once had. This is how I see the people in the villagers, they are being forced to say goodbye to a certain part of them, their family, and ancestors forever. In the student presentation relating to the world bank and dams refers to something very important to villagers. Non-material things are what are important to the villagers. After the dam is built, I will drown out the cultural traditions of the villagers, create development of affected communities in isolation, and cultural shift, new lifestyles and attitudes. The documentary follows the villagers of Jalsindhi. This village is in Madhya Pradesh on the banks of the Narmada River about ten miles upstream from the Sardar Sarovar project. The 76 villages struggle through a battle against the dam. The lead character is Luharia Sonkaria, who is the village’s medicine man, a role that was his father’s and grandfather’s before him. The government provides them no viable alternatives. The government offers unusable land a hundred miles away or a small sum of money in compensation for their river-side land. The film documents hunger strikes, rallies, and a six year Supreme Court case, and finally follows the villagers as the dam fills and the river starts to rise. The documentary features Arundhati Roy, who has been an outspoken activist bringing international attention to the controversy. Government aims to provide electricity, irrigation and drinking water to tens of millions of people. Government is confident in this claim. The government has a completely difference views of the impact of the dam. They believe the dam will help the people and make them happy. But the government has nothing to lose from this dam project because the people in government do not live in the area that the dam is supposed to floor. The villagers have everything to lose and millions of them did. This brings up the struggle between the rich and the poor/the powerful and the less powerful. The big question that is stated in this documentary is, â€Å"For whom is this development for? † The government tries to convince the villagers that this is for them and their benefit, but in reality the villagers are not being taken into account for this dam project. This dam development is solely for the purpose the one thing that is universally valued: money and the power of government. Villagers and poor people are not at level in society where they can rely on money and power. They believe in things that the government and money could never find important. Villagers value their traditions and their old lifestyle. The government and the world bank is working to become more modern and to gain more money. For this reason alone, the government is aware of what will happen to the villagers but the government could not understand how hard this project will hurt the villagers and their lives. How to cite Drowned Out, Papers

Management of Organisations Concept of Work Motivation

Question: Discuss about the case study Management of Organisations for Concept of Work Motivation. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the concept of work motivation. Motivation at work is something that develops from within an individual at the same time there are things that is completely beyond the individual form (Pinder, 2014). In order to understand, what motivates one at work is a study in itself and a lot of psychology is involved in this. What motivates me at work? I am motivated by many things at work and the primary thing which motivates me is doing the meaningful and concrete work for the organisation and recognising for my work (Danish and Usman, 2010). Both these elements are main factors for making me successful at work which become important motivators (Pinder, 2014). Another important motivator at work is the pay and constant appraisal in the pay. Singapore Airlines also comes with lots of perks like good lifestyle and travelling for free travelling all over the world and at the same time getting paid for traveling (Danish and Usman, 2010). The company is the five star airlines in the world. The company gave us the opportunity to develop a leading edge for the company by constantly improving and evolving in the organisation (Pinder, 2014). Factors that demotivates at work There are number of factors as well that demotivate an employee in Airlines industry. Following are the factors that demotivate me: Travelling to number of countries can be a strenuous job and this is why, the GMT difference leads to major jetlag and there is no time to recover it as we constantly moves into new cities (Chen et al, 2011). Constant travelling keeps us away from home for a very long period of time. This is why, I constantly miss home. Travelling and constant jetlag also create a lot health issues like sleeping disorder (Kultalahti and Liisa Viitala, 2014). Being on flight all the means that one has to be very careful and alert with the customer. This makes my job very demanding and I am in constant pressure to perform (Chen et al, 2011). Lack of vision for career is another factor that can lead to demotivation. Money is one part for motivation and there are number of people including me who are also looking for clear career goals and it can be a useful process to set clear, long-term objectives for employees (Chen et al, 2011). Job insecurity also impacts employees motivation. Every employee wants to be in a place where they can feel secure (Kultalahti and Liisa Viitala, 2014). Conclusion Motivation in employees and productivity can increase and at the same time improve the work environment. This increases number of factors that can affect the performance. These elements are actually quite simple to understand, easy to calculate and at the same time also add a lot of value in organisation (Kultalahti and Liisa Viitala, 2014). The report has discussed in detail about the factors that motivates and demotivates me at work. These are the some crucial and key things that can contribute in the work that works as major motivators and once people identify them; people get the power to completely revamp the work and the factors that keep them moving (Kultalahti and Liisa Viitala, 2014). Reference Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Danish, R.Q. and Usman, A., 2010. Impact of reward and recognition on job satisfaction and motivation: An empirical study from Pakistan.International journal of business and management,5(2), p.159. Chen, G., Sharma, P.N., Edinger, S.K., Shapiro, D.L. and Farh, J.L., 2011. Motivating and demotivating forces in teams: cross-level influences of empowering leadership and relationship conflict.Journal of Applied Psychology,96(3), p.541. Kultalahti, S. and Liisa Viitala, R., 2014. Sufficient challenges and a weekend aheadGeneration Y describing motivation at work.Journal of Organizational Change Management,27(4), pp.569-582.

Culture is both a key concept and a contested concept in anthropology. Discuss free essay sample

Culture is both a key concept and a contested concept in anthropology. Discuss. I will be discussing how culture is used in anthropology, how it has seeped out into other fields of research and also its uses in normal everyday life. I will be looking at why this key concept has been and is still contested by some anthropologists. How it has created problems in the field and how we perceive people through the concept of culture. This done through the understanding of the definition of the word culture. Then I will show others who defend its uses and its importance to the creation and development of anthropology. That it is not a matter of the concept of culture but a matter of how it is interpreted and misused throughout the classic interpretation of the word. That it is merely a word to convey a set of abstract ideas together and to discard its use is not pragmatic as the word is unbounded. Culture is essentially how humans adapt to survive. That is the very root of the concept of culture. From there it has developed at a pace that far exceeds biological change. It is something that is learned socially through knowledge and actions and most of it is implicit and invisible (Busse, 2013). The word in everyday life has taken on to mean the way a certain group of people live. The word has also become a status holder, as now it has come to mean that someone with Culture is someone who is of higher class and lives a more refined, quality lifestyle. This is one of the reasons that will be touched upon why anthropologists wish to remove the word. When the word is taken into the realm of anthropology, it starts to get complicated. Multiple definitions are used and it is not universally agreed upon on which definition is to be used. The use in anthropology has become a democratisation of elitist using it. This has become a problem for some anthropologists who say it starts to resemble essentialism in the sense that it is creating a clear cut comparisons between cultures (Busse, 2013). Anthropology has a key concept that underlines everything about it, and that concept is culture. Anthropologists are hesitant and are not unanimous when it comes to defining culture, yet it is undoubtedly the most key focus in all anthropological study (Abu-Lughod, 1991). What it allows anthropologists to do is create the categories of self and other. Without the development of culture as a concept, othering would be done through the concept of race, which was how it was done in the past (Abu-Lughod, 1991). Using culture rather than race  gives certain advantages. It allows for differences to be seen in a multiple sense rather than a binary way. Which in effect then allows for a hierarchy and relativizing different cultures into categories. But the most important advantage of culture is how it removes the differences from the natural and innate and removes the confines of thinking in only those terms (Abu-Lughod, 1991). It has shown us that any set of traditions, rules or customs that are ingrained in a person who belongs to a certain culture can be unlearned and the individual can then learn a new set of rules that belong to another culture. Although the idea of culture is to steer away from the limited confines of race, there are still essentialistic tendencies that freezes differences that comes along with culture. In Saids book Orientalism (1978), he discusses the differences between the orient and the occident as a clear cut geographic, racial and culturally different areas. This discourse is so rigid in the way it speaks of the people of the west and the people of the East that it could be considered to be innate and has elements of essentialism (Abu-Lughod, 1991). Most discourses in the twentieth century now focus on culture not race. They are focused on the religions and languages that attribute to the difference in political aspects such as economic power and government of a country (Abu-Lughod, 1991). It is argued by L. Abu-Lughod (1991) that culture works in anthropological discourse in a way that categorises and separates, which then carries over a sense of hierarchy in their thinking. What she suggests is for anthropologists is to stray away from the use of culture and instead use the concept of ethnographies of the particular. This issue was raised when the clear use of the self/other distinction within feminist and bi/multi-cultural anthropologists was brought up. Marilyn Strathern (1985) argued that feminists and anthropologists have different methods of organising knowledge and drawing boundaries within their practises, even though the common interest is in the differences. She notes that this is especially true when it comes to the ethnographers relationship to their current research matter. The experiences of white middle-classed heterosexual women are different to those of more discriminated nature such as lesbians, African-American women and other minorities. This difference in the type of lives lead and experiences had gives the same topic a different perspective (Abu-Lughod, 1991). Which is why when assessing anthropologic  writing, it is important to note that although ethnocentric views have been attempted to be avoided, it is often present in the form of self categorisation, and needs to be take into account. Anthropologists have used culture as a tool for analysis in a very consistent and sophisticated fashion that shows how committed they are to the concept of culture. But even through the extensive use of culture, there have been concerns about how it still freezes differences in a way much alike to race. For example the concept of the native is a term used by anthropologists that immediately others non-Western people (Abu-Lughod, 1991). Many anthropologists have argued that cultural theory has not only frozen differences but has also created cohesion where there may not be or does not need to be. Clifford said that anthropological field-workers in an attempt to enable their own authority on the knowledge of the subject matter, created a coherent cultural other and the interpretation of self and other (Clifford, 1988:112). Abu-Lughod has brought up some methods of contesting culture. These methods are techniques that have been in use in anthropological circles today by those who also agree with the concept of writing against culture. (Abu-Lughod, 1991). One method is the theoretical discussion of anthropologists. This is one of the means by which anthropologists engage one another, making it a great way to contest culture. The use of the terms discourse and practise in discussions are good indicators of anthropologists steering away from culture. As long as discourse and practise are kept safe from being changed into just other terms for culture, and are used as intended, they will allow for a social analysis without the presumed coherence that the concept of culture has came with (Abu-Lughod, 1991). Another method of contesting culture is to change the topics that anthropologists address. The subject matter and their problems can be reworked so that the use of culture is not required. The questions need to be more focused on the history and connections between the community and the anthropologist. The useless feature of these techniques is how it brings out the similarities between all societies. When the discourse is much more in-depth and personal instead of a generalisation, it becomes less culture and more about people which should be the main focus in any anthropological study. Brumann contests the idea that culture should be written off, and argues that the negative connotations are not problems with the concept itself but associated with the ways that culture is used in ways that are less common than the critics of culture in anthropology assume (Brumann, 1999). There does not seem to be a difference in the way culture is defined between classic texts and modern ones. Yet there seems to be a significant difference in the way it is interpreted by classic and modern cultural anthropologists. Culture was simply a synonym to convey the word people in early ethnographies. Yet the word culture being linked to words such as the native which has lead to the harsh degree of us and othering, has led to the word also being dragged down as a tool that is limiting and encouraging essentialistic views. Brumann then suggests that it is not the word that is the problem, but the intent in which the user uses the word. A good example would be the use of the word race. Race being a concept that was completely unfounded and outdated, it has been in a way tabooed from use in scientific text, hindering physical anthropologists, who would wish to use the word in a non-racist way that best assists their descriptions of human biodiversity (Keita Kittles, 1997). Brumann find that culture, given its misuse in the past and present, is not comparable to the way race was used and does not deserve a similar treatment. He believes that if the meaning that those anthropologists who wish to be rid of the concept of culture gave it is discarded, and the word is used to its best intended meaning, in its most optimal way, then there would be no problem with the word (Brumann, 1999). Culture although being a noun, is not something that is there like a physical object. It is a set of abstract or arbitrary aggregate that come together to be identified as a culture (Brumann, 1999). Not unlike how for example, how a set of individual trees, streams and animals come to form a forest. Cultures are not bound by natural boundaries as it is a concept of many ideas coming together and so are only bounded by people (Brumann, 1999). I have discussed the importance of the concept of culture in the world we live in and the field of anthropology. There are those who believe that culture should be a concept that is hindering anthropology and we have no need for it anymore. There are those who defend its uses, saying that it is not the concept that fails, but the people who misunderstood the interpretation of culture gave the impression that culture is something to be avoided. That when it is used in the way it was meant, it is a tool that cannot be replaced by another word as it has become to  ingrained in our understanding of the world and societies. I believe that the concept itself is not the issue, but there are concerns that need addressing such as the use of self and other that leaks into ethnographies. Also with the need for having to gain knowledge of the whole culture and not smaller niches within the community. But culture as a whole is a concept that has allowed us to remove ourselves from the days of thinking in terms of race. It has allowed for societies to be more accepting of others as culture is something of value. It is a concept that I believe if used in the optimal way as Brumman puts it, can be a tool for aiding anthropology and less in hindering it. References Abu-Lughod, Lila, ed. 1991. Writing against Culture. Edited by R. G. Fox, Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the present. Santa Fe: School of American Research. Brumann, Christoph. 1999. Writing for culture: why a successful concept should not be discarded. Current Anthropology 40. Busse, Mark. 2013. Anthropology 203 Lectures. University of Auckland. Clifford, James. 1988. The Predicament of Culture: Twenthieth-century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Boston: Harvard College. Keita, Kittles. 1997. The persistance of racial thinking and the myth of racial divergence. American Anthropologist 99:534-44. Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. Michigan: Pantheon Books.